Credit experts suggest that everyone should get a credit check at least once a year to ensure that information in your current report is accurate and to see what lenders see in making their decision about your credit worthiness. A credit check gives you key statistics on your complete borrowing history including your credit lines, missed payments, debts and outstanding loans. Your credit characteristics are consolidated into a score, which is used by lenders to determine your credit worthiness and interest rates.
What’s in your credit report?
Your credit report contains all of your credit accounts including the length of credit history, breakdown of debt type (mortgage, student loan, credit card), credit lines, account balances, and whether you’ve paid each loan as agreed.
What is your credit score?
Your credit score is a number that incorporates all information on your credit report and reflects your credit risk level to lenders. For the two most common scores, FICO and VantageScore, lower scores indicate a higher credit risk. FICO recently made changes to the way it calculates scores, called FICO version 2, with one notable change being that a single delinquency wouldn’t have as drastic of a negative impact on your score. VantageScore is a new scoring method that is shared across all three major credit bureaus.
How lenders use your credit score
Lenders use your credit score, sometimes along with other factors including your income and value of your assets, to determine your credit worthiness. The base level assumption is your previous behavior is predictive of your future behavior in terms of maintaining and paying off debt on time. Thus the credit score will be one of the key factors that determine whether lenders will give you a loan, and at what interest rate. Lenders will charge high-risk consumers a higher interest rate to compensate them for taking on extra risk.
Using your credit report to find errors and identity theft
Unfortunately, sometimes credit reports contain errors. Errors can be costly if they impact your credit score! If a lender charges a 7% interest rate instead of 6% because of an error in your report, it will cost you over $70,000 extra over the life of a $300,000 30 year loan. Credit reports can also quickly highlight identity theft or fraud—for example if you notice accounts in your name that you didn’t open.
Credit Reporting Services
There are a number of credit services to help you proactively manage your credit profile. You can get a free credit report once a year or if you apply for and are declined for credit. Typically, free reports don’t include your actual credit score—just your full report.
High-level, there are two types of credit reporting services: the first monitors your credit profiles and proactively identifies you if there is any type of negative change. This can help you prevent identity theft and monitor how lenders see your profile. These services will often include identity theft insurance to help you get back on your feet if you are a victim of identity theft. The second type of service also gives you your FICO score or VantageScore and monitors it each month. This service can alert you if your score drops and tell you what impact it might have in lenders’ eyes.
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